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Learning to Give Up: How Romanian Textbooks May Be Instilling Fatalism in Students

School textbooks are more than just learning materials—they tell stories, shape attitudes, and influence how young people see the world. But what if those stories are overwhelmingly negative? What if, instead of building resilience, they reinforce helplessness and fear? This is the question we set out to explore in our recent study.

We presented the paper:

„Cultural Pessimism in Romanian Education: A Corpus-Based Critical Discourse Analysis of Negative Narratives in Romanian Language and Literature School Textbooks”
(authors: Mădălina Chitez, Simina Ioana Frîncu, Roxana Rogobete) at the International Conference “Voices and Silences: 50 Years of the Society for Romanian Studies”, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania (29-31 May 2025).

The main ideas in the paper:

The study examines over 40 Romanian language and literature textbooks for grades 5–8, using a combination of corpus linguistics, critical discourse analysis, and sentiment analysis. It compares old (pre-1990) and new (post-2000) textbooks and identifies a striking pattern: both generations of textbooks include emotionally heavy and pessimistic narratives, but modern ones do so more intensely and with less ideological framing.

We focused on three recurring narrative themes:

  • Negative narratives (e.g., trauma, loss, misfortune)
  • Fatalism (e.g., fate, inevitability, divine will)
  • Powerlessness (e.g., lack of agency, resignation)

Examples include passages like:

  • “Everyone knows they have to die someday. No one can stop death.” (Grade 5)
  • “You’re still in prison. Even if the walls are invisible.” (Grade 8)

Modern textbooks often contain unresolved trauma and existential despair without offering redemptive context or moral closure.

The study used ROTEX, a Romanian corpus of school textbooks, and an NLP pipeline to extract emotional keywords, collocations, and sentiment patterns. These

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