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Are Romanian school textbooks too complex from a  linguistic perspective? Yes! A case study of Romanian Language and Mathematics textbooks

In Romania, there have been no linguistic analysis of textbook even tif this is an essential component of school textbook design. The Council of Europe recommended since 2010 (see  Beacco et al., 2010), the close collaboration between education and linguistics specialists for textbook design and creation. The recommendation emphasizes the critical role of language in knowledge construction across all school subjects, not just in language-focused disciplines. It advocates for the inclusion of linguistic considerations in curriculum and textbook design, highlighting that understanding and producing appropriate discourse genres are essential for students’ cognitive and academic development. The document calls for collaboration between linguists and educators to ensure that educational materials meet both pedagogical and linguistic requirements, ultimately supporting better comprehension and learning outcomes for school students.

To highlight the relevance of such studies in the Romanian context, I presented and wrote an article for the International Conference Innovation in Language Learning, Florence, Italy (6-8 November 2024): “Linguistic Overload in Secondary School Textbooks: A Corpus-Informed Case Study of Romanian 6th Grade Textbooks”.

The main ideas in my paper:

Romanian school textbooks, particularly those for Romanian language and mathematics in the 6th grade, reveal significant issues with linguistic and cognitive overload. In language textbooks, dense text, abstract terminology, and overly complex instructions often surpass the cognitive abilities of students, making it difficult for them to grasp key concepts. For instance, many textbooks include advanced grammatical or theoretical linguistic terms, such as “conjunctiv perfect” or “actul de limbaj”, that are better suited for high school students. These challenges are compounded by redundancy in content, with some textbooks exceeding curriculum requirements by 35-40%, leading to unnecessary repetition that risks disengaging students.

Mathematics textbooks face similar problems, with extreme linguistic densit, often exceeding 450 words per page, alongside complex, age-inappropriate terminology. For example, instructions and explanations frequently rely on intricate phrasing and advanced mathematical concepts that are difficult for 6th graders to process. Additionally, visual aids in mathematics textbooks are often either overwhelming or poorly integrated, further contributing to cognitive overload rather than clarifying concepts.

This study highlights the need for a more balanced and linguistically-informed approach to textbook design. Simplifying language, ensuring clear and concise instructions, and aligning content with students’ developmental levels can significantly improve engagement and learning outcomes. Aligning textbooks with international standards and adopting linguistic validation practices would not only make materials more accessible but also better prepare students for real-world problem-solving and critical thinking.

The main ideas in Romanian:

Articolul complet aici.

Reference:

Beacco, J.-C., Coste, D., van de Ven, P.-H., & Vollmer, H. (2010). Language and school subjects: Linguistic dimensions of knowledge building in school curricula. Council of Europe, Language Policy Division. Document prepared for the Policy Forum The right of learners to quality and equity in education – The role of linguistic and intercultural competences, Geneva, Switzerland, 2–4 November 2010. Retrieved from:

https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016805a0c1b

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